Design Job Scheduler | Async | Execution tracking

Deep dive on task execution. Worker status and heartbeat tracking

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A job scheduler accepts task requests (ad-hoc, delayed, recurring), persists them, schedules them for execution, hands execution to workers via a reliable queue, and monitors progress via heartbeats and status reporting. The system should separate control-plane responsibilities (scheduling, metadata, retries, coordination) from data-plane work (task execution) for scalability and reliability.